宋元吉州窯黑釉玳瑁天目釉鷓鴣斑曜變茶盞
Song and Yuan Dynasty Jizhou Kiln Black-glazed, tortoiseshell Yohen tenmoku (kiln change) painted "partridge's speckling" splashes tea bowl
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宋元吉州窯黑釉玳瑁天目釉鷓鴣斑曜變茶盞
尺寸：高 5.2 - 5.3 x 口徑 15.1 - 15.2 x 圈足底徑 3.8 - 3.9 cm 公分
盞口向外敞，盞腹是傾斜的直線或有非常小的弧度，基本都是接近直線的。整個盞的造型很像農家勞動戴的斗笠，所以人們給它取了「斗笠盞」這樣一個很形象的名字。
本品敞口，斜壁，內底突乳心。外底足心淺挖。內外施黑釉，盞外施黑釉至近圈足部，圈足露胎，胎色米黃；內外壁黑釉之上潑灑褐色釉裝飾，隨意天成，為玳瑁斑，斑駁瑰麗。裝飾皆與黑色底釉形成強烈的視覺衝擊，實乃精品。
淺而小圈足、淺腹、斜壁。釉色黑亮烏金僅施及壁足交接處；圈足無釉處露米黃色灰胎，胎骨粗鬆堅硬。器內外滿佈自裡心放射向外的醬柿色點，係由黑釉曜變 (窯變) 而成。
胎質較粗鬆，但很堅硬，器物胎壁較厚，界於瓷與陶之間。胎色米黃。古時吉州窯窯工的修胎是很有特點的，為了追求時效，熟練窯工往往就在快速的幾刀之中完成了修坯的工作，因此，在器物壁上可見到修坯時所留下的明顯輪製痕、和器底圈足上的元代旋刀紋。
鷓鴣斑為黑釉器釉彩裝飾中的重要特色，並為宋代帝王、士大夫為文頌讚。「鷓鴣斑」之名即追取北宋蘇軾、黃庭堅所讚譽的茶碗「建安瓷碗鷓鴣斑」、「鷓鴣斑中吸春露」、「金縷鷓鴣斑」的詩意。
此件茶盞之鷓鴣斑清晰，為同型器中精彩之作，益顯珍貴。具備古瓷應有之滴釉、千年開片紋、千年蛤蜊光、釉與底圈足裸露的胎體交界處有「千年火石紅」痕跡、器壁上亦有數個明顯的「棕眼之古瓷瑕疵」、與古代的柴燒氣泡。
宋代吉州窯茶盞，不僅有從自然界動物和植物上選取素材，同樣從天地宇宙中，「道法自然」哲理中，找到天地合一共鳴點，類似的例子可參見日本白鶴美術館所藏的一件吉州窯盞，見白川靜所編《白鶴英華》，1978 年，48頁；另外倫敦蘇富比 2014 年 5 月 14 日曾出售一隻吉州窯盞，尺寸、釉色及紋樣皆和此件類似，以供參考，可資比較。
台北故宮博物院所藏一只「北宋定窯黑釉鷓鴣斑碗 (典藏或財產編號：故瓷 016992)」於中華民國108年12月24日，以‘’文授資局物字第10830139531號‘’公文，被文化部依據法令 <<古物分級指定及廢止審查辦法>> 第3條第2、5、6款公告為「中華民國重要古物」。評定基準為數量特別稀少或具完整性保存意義者。
https://nchdb.boch.gov.tw/embed/assets/overview/antiquity/20200108000015
https://antiquities.npm.gov.tw/Utensils_Page.aspx?ItemId=313820
此件吉州窯茶盞之鷓鴣斑清晰，亦兼具「建盞油滴曜變」之美：
「曜變，建盞之無上神品，乃世上罕見之物，其地黑，有小而薄之星斑，圍繞之玉白色暈，美如織錦，萬匹之物也」。
日本古籍《君台觀左右帳記》曾這樣記載。
日本著名中國古陶瓷學家小山富士夫（1900~1975）在《天目》一書中曾給出曜變的釋義：
「建窯所燒，在掛有濃厚黑釉的盞面，浮現出大小不同的結晶，而其周圍帶有日暈狀的光彩者為曜變……《曜變》一作《耀變》，是因為它含有光輝照耀之意。」
已知的存世完整曜變天目釉茶盞僅三件，且均藏於日本，悉數被定為國寶，中國僅在杭州出土殘件。
https://kknews.cc/collect/3o6zago.html
南宋建窯、北宋吉州窯、北宋定窯所生產之「曜變 (窯變、油滴、鷓鴣斑) 天目釉茶盞」，目前在世界拍賣市場上價格高昂，但仍然是「一盞難求」。
2016年上午紐約亞洲藝術周精彩不斷，在蘇富比「中國書畫」夜拍突破兩億人民幣大關之後不久，佳士得拍場也在中國傳統佳節「中秋節」當天傳來喜訊，一件「南宋 建窯『油滴天目(即曜變天目)』茶盌」在經過多輪角逐之後，最終以 1170 萬美元的天價成交，折合人民幣 7800 餘萬，刷新了建窯成交記錄。
與本件類似的吉州窯玳瑁釉茶盞於拍賣市場記錄：
http://www.polypm.com.cn/assest/detail/0/art5161347258/34/1
北京保利 2019 秋季拍賣會
拍賣 Lot. 編號： 7258
元 吉州窯玳瑁釉「滿天星」茶盞
尺寸：直徑 11.2 cm
創作年代：元
估價：RMB 180,000 - 220,000
成交價：RMB 402,500
出版：《Ronald Longsdorf 收藏宋代瓷器》，藍理捷，2013年，編號 30
備註：Ronald Longsdorf 收藏，編號 811
藍理捷，紐約，編號 2013 #30
北美十面靈璧山居收藏，編號 LL122
本品侈口，斜壁，內底平。底承假圈足，足心淺挖。內外施黑釉，盞外施黑釉至近足部，圈足露胎，胎色米黃；外壁黑釉之上潑灑褐色釉裝飾，隨意天成，為玳瑁斑；內壁自口沿以下平行點繪九圈褐釉點紋，狀若滿天星辰，斑駁瑰麗。裝飾皆與黑色底釉形成強烈的視覺衝擊，實乃精品。
宋代吉州窯茶盞，不僅有從自然界動物和植物上選取素材，同樣從天地宇宙中，「道法自然」哲理中，找到天地合一共鳴點，本品內壁有規律的點彩，宛如夜空的星辰，給人以無限的想像，深化了自然天成的審美情趣，充分表現出景有限而意無窮的韻味。
類似的例子可參見日本白鶴美術館所藏的一件吉州窯盞，見白川靜所編《白鶴英華》，1978年，48頁；另外倫敦蘇富比 2014 年 5 月 14 日曾出售一隻吉州窯滿天星盞，尺寸、釉色及紋樣皆和此件類似，以供參考，可資比較。
來源：
屬擊敗蒙古元朝歐亞大帝國的明朝皇帝朱元璋所分封為軍事大元帥的「陳秀甫」(陳秀甫亦為明代開國功臣光祿大夫《光祿大夫為皇帝開國及軍事作戰的出糧出資金錢財主》) 家族傳世的祖傳傳世品。
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Song and Yuan Dynasty Jizhou Kiln Black-glazed, tortoiseshell Yohen tenmoku (kiln change) painted "partridge's speckling" splashes tea bowl
Dimensions: Height 5.2 - 5.3 x Mouth Diameter 15.1 - 15.2 x Ring Foot Diameter 3.8 - 3.9 cm
The mouth of the bowl is open to the outside, and the belly of the bowl is an inclined straight line or a very small arc, which is basically close to a straight line. The shape of the whole bowl is very similar to the bamboo hat worn by farmers, so people gave it a very vivid name like "bamboo hat bowl".
This product's mouth is open to the outside, inclined wall, inner bottom protruding mammary heart. The outsole is shallowly dug. Black glaze is applied on the inside and outside, and black glaze is applied on the outside of the bowl to near the ring foot, with exposed ceramic body around the ring foot, and the color of the ceramic body is beige; the black glaze on the inside and outside walls is sprinkled with brown glaze decoration, which is random and natural, with tortoiseshell spots, mottled and magnificent. The decorations all form a strong visual impact with the black ground glaze, which is truly a masterpiece.
It has shallow and small ring foot, shallow abdomen, sloping wall. The glaze is black, bright, golden-black, and is only applied to the junction of the wall and foot; the unglazed part of the ring foot shows a beige gray porcelain body. The porcelain fetal bone is loose and firm. The inside and outside of the vessel are covered with sauce-persimmon-colored spots radiating from the inside to the outside, which were made of black glaze Yohen tenmoku (kiln change).
The quality of the porcelain body is rough and loose, but very hard, and the wall of the utensil is thicker, between the porcelain and the pottery. Porcelain fetal color is beige. In ancient times, kiln workers in Jizhou kilns were very characteristic in repairing ceramic bodies. In order to pursue time-saving, skilled kiln workers often completed the work of repairing ceramic bodies in a few quick cuts. There are obvious wheel marks left on the walls of the utensil, and the Yuan Dynasty rotary knife pattern on the bottom foot.
Partridge spots were an important feature in the glaze decoration of black glaze ware, and were praised in writings by emperors and scholars in Song Dynasty. The name "Partridge Spots" was after the poetic meaning of the tea bowls "Jian'an Porcelain Bowl Partridge Spots", "Sucking Spring Dew among the Partridge Spots" and "Golden Partridge Spots" praised by Su Shi and Huang Tingjian in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The partridge spots on this tea bowl are very clear, it is a wonderful work in the same type, and it is more precious. It has the drop glaze, the millennium cracking pattern, the millennium clam light, the traces of "millennium flint red" at the junction of the glaze and the exposed ceramic body on the bottom ring foot, several obvious marks of "brown-eyed-small-holes" which are ancient porcelain flaws on the walls of the utensil, and the ancient wood-fired air bubbles, all that ancient porcelain should have.
Song Dynasty Jizhou kiln tea bowls not only selected materials from natural animals and plants, but also found the resonance point of the unity of heaven and earth from the universe of heaven and earth, and the philosophy of "Dao follows nature". A similar example can be found in a Jizhou ware in the collection of the Hakusuru Art Museum, Japan, see 'Hakusuru's Yinghua (White Crane's Magnificence)', edited by Shirakawa Shizuo, 1978, Page 48; another Jizhou ware was sold at Sotheby's London on May 14, 2014, similar in size, glaze color and pattern for reference and comparison.
https://nchdb.boch.gov.tw/embed/assets/overview/antiquity/20200108000015
https://antiquities.npm.gov.tw/Utensils_Page.aspx?ItemId=313820
A "Northern Song Dynasty Ding Kiln Black Glazed Partridge Spots Bowl (collection or property number: Palace Museum Porcelain 016992)" in the collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei, was announced as "Important Antiquities of the Republic of China" by the Ministry of Culture in accordance with Article 3, Paragraphs 2, 5, and 6 of the decree <<Antiquities classification designation and abolition review method>> with the official document dated December 24, 2019 (Year 108th of R.O.C. Year), under document number ''Wen-Shuo-Zi-Gi-Wu-Zi (The Characters of the Bureau of Cultural Affairs and Resources) No. 10830139531''. The evaluation criteria are those that are particularly rare in number or have significance for integrity preservation.
https://nchdb.boch.gov.tw/embed/assets/overview/antiquity/20200108000015
https://antiquities.npm.gov.tw/Utensils_Page.aspx?ItemId=313820
The partridge spots of this Jizhou kiln tea bowl are very clear, and it also has the beauty of "Jian kiln oil droplets yohen tenmoku (kiln change) ":
"Yohen tenmoku, the supreme divine product of Jian tea bowls, is a rare thing in the world. Its ground is black, with small and thin star spots, surrounded by a jade-white halo, as beautiful as brocade, and it is also a thing worthy of ten thousand horses."
The ancient Japanese book "Juntaiguan Left and Right Accounts" 《君台觀左右帳記》once recorded the above.
The famous Japanese ancient Chinese ceramicist Koyama Fujio (1900~1975 小山富士夫) once gave the interpretation of the "Yohen tenmoku 曜變天目" in the book "Tianmu"《天目》:
"When the Jian kiln was fired, crystals of different sizes appeared on the surface of the tea bowl with a thick black glaze, and the surrounding with a halo-like brilliance is the 'Yohen tenmoku 曜變天目'... 'Yohen tenmoku 曜變天目', also as 'Blazar-change-like tenmoku 耀變天目', is because it contains the meaning of shining radiance."
There are only three known surviving complete yohen tenmoku glaze tea bowls, all of which are hidden in Japan, and all of them are designated as national treasures. Remnants were only unearthed in Hangzhou, China.
Original URL: https://kkne.ws/GQLDby
https://kknews.cc/collect/3o6zago.html
The "yohen tenmoku (kiln change, oil droplets, partridge spots)" yohen tenmoku glazed tea bowls produced by the Jian Kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jizhou Kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Ding Kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty, are currently fetching high prices in the world auction market, but they are still "hard to be found even one bowl".
In the morning of 2016, the Asian Art Week in New York continued to be exciting. Not long after Sotheby's "Chinese Painting and Calligraphy" night auction exceeded the RMB 200 million yuan level, the Christie's auction venue also received good news on the day of the traditional Chinese festival "Mid-Autumn Festival", a piece of "Southern Song Dynasty Jian kiln yohen tenmoku (kiln change, oil droplets, partridge spots) Tea Bowl", after several rounds of competition, was finally sold at a sky high price of US$11.7 million, equivalent to more than RMB 78 million yuan. This was setting a new record for Jian kiln wares’ transactions.
A similar Jizhou kiln tortoiseshell-glazed tea bowl has been recorded in the auction market:
http://www.polypm.com.cn/assest/detail/0/art5161347258/34/1
2019 Autumn Auction
BEIJING POLY international AUCTION Co.,Ltd.
Lot. No. 7258
Yuan Jizhou kiln tortoiseshell-glazed 'Gypsophila' tea bowl
Size: 11.2 cm in diameter
Year of creation: Yuan
Estimate: RMB 180,000 - 220,000
Realized price: RMB 402,500
Published: "The Ronald Longsdorf Collection of Song Dynasty Porcelain", Lam Lijie, 2013, no. 30
Remarks: Collection of Ronald Longsdorf, no. 811
Lam Li Jie, New York, Lot. No. 2013 #30
North American Ten-Faced Lingbi Mountain Residence Collection, Lot. No. LL122
This product has a shallow ditch under the mouth edge, sloping walls and a flat inner bottom. The bottom bears the false ring foot, and the foot inner sole is shallowly dug. Black glaze is applied inside and outside, and black glaze is applied on the outside of the bowl to the vicinity of the foot, the ring foot is exposed without glaze, and the color of the ceramic body is beige; the black glaze on the outer wall is sprinkled with brown glaze decoration, which is random and natural, with tortoiseshell spots; the inner wall is painted with nine rings of parallel dots below the mouth edge. The circle of brown glaze dot pattern, like a sky full of stars, is mottled and magnificent. The decorations all form a strong visual impact with the black ground glaze, which is truly a masterpiece.
Song Dynasty Jizhou kiln tea bowls not only selected materials from natural animals and plants, but also found the resonance point of the unity of heaven and earth from the universe of heaven and earth, and the philosophy of "Dao follows nature". The inner wall of this product has regular colored dots, just like the stars in the night sky, it gives people unlimited imagination, deepens the aesthetic taste of nature, and fully demonstrates the charm of limited scenery and infinite meaning.
A similar example can be found in a Jizhou ware in the collection of the Hakusuru Art Museum, Japan, see 'Hakusuru's Yinghua (White Crane's Magnificence)', edited by Shirakawa Shizuo, 1978, Page 48; another Jizhou ware was sold at Sotheby's London on May 14, 2014, similar in size, glaze color and pattern for reference and comparison.
Provenance:
The handed down collection from the family ancestor of Chen Xiufu, a military marshal who was assigned by the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Eurasian Empire of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty), (Chen Xiufu was also the founding hero of the Ming Dynasty, whose official name was Guangludafu, "Guangludafu was the rich and wealthy capitalist of food and money supplied for the emperor's nation-founding and military operations.").
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Song and Yuan Dynasty Jizhou Kiln Black-glazed, tortoiseshell Yohen tenmoku (kiln change) painted "partridge's speckling" splashes tea bowl
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